PART III
GIULIO NATTA AND THE SCIENTIFIC, ACADEMIC AND INDUSTRIAL WORLD

Introduction

In addition to the scientific publications and a part of the patents, the documents kept at the Institute of Industrial Chemistry of the Polytechnic (now a section of the "Giulio Natta" Department of Chemistry, Materials Science and Chemical Engineering) were contained in 163 binders, files and folders (some tens of thousands of sheets) which essentially cover the period from 1950 to 1970.
The impressive nature and magnitude of this collection of papers inspires awe and astonishment. It is difficult to imagine how, in addition to his massive output as a scientist and inventor, his teaching activity and the time he dedicated to lengthy discussions with his closest collaborators (not only at the Institute, but also in the evenings and during weekends in Via Mario Pagano 54, and while he was on holiday in Champoluc and Celerina) Giulio Natta could have found the time to continue to reply regularly to the letters he received, whether from Nobel Laureates or from schoolchildren, and (albeit with the help of his able and devoted secretary Rossana Lamma Fontana, assisted - in particular - by Luisa Vaccaroni and Enrica Guli) to maintain close and constant relations with:

- Italian and foreign scientific figures, including several Nobel Laureates (not only through correspondence, but also through reciprocal visits and family invitations, in which his wife Rosita played an indispensable role):
- executives of various major global companies, to discuss research and the granting of licences, here again with visits and invitations;
- practically all the divisions of Montecatini/Montecatini-Edison in which studies and research were also conducted under his supervision;
- the Chief Executive Officer of Montecatini, Piero Giustiniani, on a wide range of topics;
- the patents office of Montecatini;
- Montecatini's foreign agency;
- the CNR;
- the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei and other scientific and cultural Academies and Associations, both Italian and foreign, to which he had been appointed a member;
- the board of the Polytechnic;
- various Italian and foreign journals and publishers;
- the Swiss company Lonza and several Italian companies, on research activities.

Of the material contained in the 163 binders, files and folders we decided it was not necessary to give a presentation of, and to computerize, documents concerning:

- subjects already dealt with above in Parts I and II;
- private correspondence;
- competitions for professorships, assistants, scholarships;
- reports and "Comptes Rendus" of conferences of IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).

In the presentation of the copious papers concerning the USA, the United Kingdom, Germany and France we decide to keep relations with companies separate from those more strictly relating to the scientific and academic world, indicating them - as for other countries - in chronological order.
Finally, note that some pieces by Giulio Natta (brief memos on scientific and social topics) contained in the correspondence with some countries are not reproduced in the Part I of the archive.

Miscellaneous Italy from 1952 to 1968 - Correspondence


The correspondence kept up by Giulio Natta within Italy between 1953 and 1968, to university colleagues, notable individuals, Bodies, cultural associations, scientific journals and people who wrote to him for various reasons, is kept in 15 binders/files.
The correspondence with the following, essentially regarding scientific subjects (results of experiments, discussions), is particularly substantial:

- Piero Pino, from 1957 (the year of his transfer to the University of Pisa);
- Paolo Corradini, from 1961 (the year of his transfer to the University of Cagliari and subsequently to the University of Rome);
both were close collaborators of Giulio Natta from the 1950s onwards;
- Mario Baccaredda (University of Pisa);
- Rolando Rigamonti (Polytechnic of Turin);
- Corrado Rossi (University of Genoa);
these three were previously assistants and collaborators of Giulio Natta at the Polytechnic of Milan in the 1930s and 1940s;
- Giorgio Renato Levi (University of Pisa);
- Angelo Mangini (University of Bologna);
friends and colleagues of long standing;
- Enzo Ferroni (University of Cagliari and later of Florence);
- Alfonso Maria Liquori (University of Naples and later of Rome)
- Guido Sartori (University of Rome and later of Trieste).

There was also an intense exchange of correspondence on various subjects, in some cases including of a personal nature, with Gio Batta Bonino (University of Bologna and later of Genoa), Antonio Nasini (University of Turin), Mario Giordani (President of the National Lyncean Academy), Domenico Marotta (President of the Higher Institute of Health and of the Italian Chemical Society, and editor of the Gazzetta Chimica Italiana and Annali di Chimica), Vincenzo Caglioti (President of the CNR from 1965), Ippolito Sorgato (University of Padua) on subjects concerning the important reform in 1960 of the degree course in Chemical Engineering and other themes connected with teaching, and with Giovanni Malquori (University of Naples).
Other names which recur with varying frequency are of colleagues and professors at the Polytechnic of Milan: Adolfo Quilico, Roberto Piontelli, Giuseppe Bolla, Giuseppe Pastonesi, Aimone Jelmoni, Gino Cassinis and Pino Cucchetti; the University of Milan: Livio Cambi, Raffaello Fusco, Lamberto Malatesta and Luigi Canonica; the University of Rome: Giordano Giacomelli, Eugenio Mariani, Amedeo Giacomini, Mauro Picone, Edoardo Amaldi; the University and the Polytechnic of Turin: Vittorio Cirilli, Michele Giua, Eligio Perrucca, Maurizio Allara, Luigi Trossarelli, Guido Saini; the University of Pavia: Mario Rolla, Silvio Cinquini, Pietro Pratesi; the University of Padua: Giovanni Semerano and Silvio Bezzi; the University of Florence: Giorgio Piccardi, Renato Cini and Giovanni Canneri; the University of Genoa: Agostino Capocaccia, Gerolamo Orestano; other centres: Francesco Giordani (University of Naples), Giuseppe Leandri (University of Bari), Raffaele Ercoli (University of Palermo), Adolfo Ferrari (University of Parma), A. Cocco (University of Trieste), Riccardo Passerini (University of Catania); and other public figures: Marcello Boldrini (Head of Enrico Mattei School at ENI), Enrico Mattei (President of ENI), Enrico Vigliani (Head of Occupational Health at the University of Milan), Pasquale Pasquini (Academician of the XL Academy in Rome), Carlo Padovani (Head of Experimental Centre for Combustible Fuels in Milan), B. Rumi (National Council for Nuclear Research), Germano Centola (Head of Experimental Centre for Wood-pulp Paper and Textile Fibres in Milano), Giordano Dell'Amore (President of Cariplo), Luciano Faina (President of Montecatini), Luigi Morandi (Vice-President of Montecatini), Giorgio Mazzanti (Head of Research at Montecatini), Angelo Coppadoro and Alberto Girelli (Editors of La Chimica and l'Industria), Giovanni Aresi, President of AIDIC (Italian Association of Chemical Engineering).

We should also mention the relations with managers of various national companies: Pirelli, Edison, Oronzio De Nora, Rhodiatoce, Ceramica Pozzi, SNIA, FIAT, Rumianca, BPD, Techint, Bemberg, Lanerossi, Mobil Oil Italia, and Cabot Carbon Blacks.

Finally, there are the letters from Nobel Laureates Ernest Boris Chain (Nobel Prize in Medicine 1945) and Daniel Bovet (Nobel Prize in Medicine 1957) and from two Presidents of the Republic, Giuseppe Saragat and Antonio Segni.

This part of the Giulio Natta Archive is kept at the Polytechnic of Milan, but on account of the presence of certain documents which should be considered "sensitive", as they contain information of a personal nature, it has not been computerized.

CNR – Vincenzo Caglioti - (52.971 Kb)

The documentation conserved in the Archive - collected in two folders - covers the years from 1955 to 1971.
The first part concerns the activities of the National Consulting Committee for Chemical Science of the CNR and those of the National Centre for Macromolecular Chemistry, founded in 1961 by order of the President of the CNR Giovanni Polvani. The correspondence with Gio Batta Bonino and Vincenzo Caglioti (President of the CNR from 1965) contains the proposal for the creation of the National Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry (ICM) of the CNR - based in Milan - of the relevant Scientific Council and its Director (see letter of 1.4.1968). The ICM was subsequently set up in the same year (1968), with Giulio Natta as President of the Scientific Council.
Another part of the Archive contains the scientific reports of the activities carried on by the Industrial Chemistry Study Centre of the CNR (from 1955 to 1961) headed by Giulio Natta, and a substantial correspondence with Vincenzo Caglioti, covering the years from 1960 to 1971, concerning various scientific and organizational subjects.
Other sections of the correspondence contain proposals for the setting up of a PhD Course in Chemical Science, of a "National Centre for the study of the dynamics of chemical processes" and of a "National Centre of High Pressure Chemistry". There are also documents of expenses incurred by Giulio Natta and submitted for refunds.

Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei - (2.327 Kb)

Giulio Natta was appointed corresponding member of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in 1947 and National Member in 1955.
In the Archive - under the heading "Lincei" - is kept only a minimal part of the correspondence with the Academy, regarding bursaries and specialization scholarships, the reform of the statutes of the Academy and proposals for scientific exchanges with foreign countries. A copious correspondence with other members of the Academy can be found in the section "Miscellaneous Italy from 1952 to 1968", already mentioned above.

Congresses - Conventions - Conferences - (180.347 Kb)

Giulio Natta took part in, or was invited to hold conferences at, numerous scientific congresses and conventions in the USA (Gordon Conference and other congresses), in Canada and in various European countries.
The documentation that is held concerning this part of his activity covers the period 1946-1970 and is to be found in the papers reproduced for the individual countries. The text of the relevant conferences/communications is reproduced in Part I of the Archive (see Works of Giulio Natta).
The first important conference on the research conducted in the field of stereospecific polymerization was one which was held by invitation, as a general address, at the XVI International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in Paris and published in Experentia Suppl. (VII, 21, 1953).

The archive contains a specific folder ("Congresses") which deals only with the following conferences:

- International Symposium of Macromolecular Chemistry - Prague 1965;
- International Chemiefasertung - Vienna 1967;
- Moreton Hampstead Convention - London 1968;
- IV International Congress in Catalysis - Moscow 1968;
- Convention on Macromolecules - Rome 1970.

Scholarship fellows - Visiting Professors - (3.9504 Kb)

The interest sparked by Giulio Natta's researches created a powerful magnet for foreign researchers who applied for scholarships or to carry on stages at the Institute of Industrial Chemistry at the Polytechnic. From the documentation that has been preserved we learn that, between 1959 and 1976 the Institute received for those purposes Russians, Hungarians, Poles, Romanians, Czechs, Argentinians, Peruvians, Uruguayans, Indians, French, Americans, British, Canadians, Danes (and one Italian).

Research into synthetic leather - (2.539 Kb)

In the early 1960s in the USA, the company Du Pont had started production of a synthetic leather named Corfan, which aroused a certain amount of interest.
An Italian firm (Sebastiano Bocciardo and Co. of Genoa), one of the most important leather companies in Italy, approached Natta to propose an exchange of ideas on the subject. These contacts soon led to research projects (financed by Bocciardo) at the Institute of Industrial Chemistry at the Polytechnic, which between 1962 and 1969 developed and subsequently went on to produce materials with properties similar to those of Corfan.

The papers preserved contain:

- the correspondence between Natta, Bocciardo and Montecatini from 1962 to 1969;
- information on Du Pont patents concerning Corfan;
- results of tests on Corfan carried out in Milan;
- work schedules;
- reports on research completed and results achieved;
- contributions received by the Polytechnic from Bocciardo.

Research on polymers for the treatment of silicosis - (6.381 Kb)

Following some research conducted in Germany in 1962 by Professor Schlipköter at the Institute of Industrial Hygiene in Düsseldorf, Giulio Natta in collaboration with the "Luigi Devoto" Occupational Health Department at the University of Milan, headed by Enrico C. Vigliani, in 1962 started a series of research studies aimed at investigating the potential preventive action on silicosis of various new polymers containing amino groups.
This research gave rise to several patents, filed in the name of the CNR between 1965 and 1968, contained in Part II of the Archive.

The papers reproduced contain:

- the correspondence exchanged from 1962 to 1966 between Natta, Montecatini, Vigliani and CNR (V. Caglioti);
- a memo on the etiological mechanics of silicosis;
- scientific reports;
- reports on the research carried out

Requests for information about the new polymers - (8.609 Kb)

Subsequent to Giulio Natta's discovery in 1954, various Italian and foreign companies contacted him in order to obtain information on the characteristics of the new polymers, on their applications and on the granting of licenses.
Part of these requests - relating to the years 1956-1958 - is collected in a file which is reproduced in its entirety. Others may be found under the specific names of the major international companies and of the scientific institutions cited in other parts of the Archive.

Nobel Prize Correspondence - (356.121 Kb)

Following the awarding of Nobel Prize, Giulio Natta received congratulations from many Italian and foreign public figures and institutions.
A part of the relevant documentation, limited to the years 1963 and 1964, has been compiled and computerized in a folder of over 650 pages. Other documents are to be found in the papers concerning various countries.

Montecatini / Montecatini-Edison / Montedison*

Giulio Natta's relationship with Montecatini dates from the 1920s, as can be deduced from the fact that a number of his patents from that period are mentioned in the "Montecatini Patents List" reproduced in Part II of this Archive.

A key turning point in the Natta - Montecatini relationship, which opened the way to Natta's most important research, took place in 1947. In this year, Natta, together with Piero Giustiniani, who had taken over from Guido Donegani at the head of Montecatini in 1946, made a two-month trip to the USA, where petrochemical industry was beginning to supersede coal chemistry. An initial consequence of this new situation was that a number of chemists and chemical engineers coming from various divisions of Montecatini transferred to the Institute of Industrial Chemistry at the Polytechnic to carry out research under Natta. A further impetus was given in 1952 with the first researches into the polymerization of olefins and the setting up of the specialization course for graduate Montecatini trainees.
From then on, thanks to the support of Piero Giustiniani, Montecatini made available to the Institute of Industrial Chemistry not only graduate and non-graduate personnel, but also the financial means and equipment which enabled Natta to develop his important research in the field of stereospecific polymerization.

The documents on this subject preserved in the Archive contain:

- names of graduate and non-graduate personnel, coming from various divisions of Montecatini (SEID - Hydrocarbons Sector, SERE - Resins Sector, SEPS - Sector for Projects and Studies, Polymer, Donegani Institute) seconded to the Institute of Industrial Chemistry of the Polytechnic from 1943 onwards;
- expenses and contributions from Montecatini;
- disposition of laboratories;
- nature of the researches that were carried out.

Those of the documents that were considered sensitive as they contained personal information were not computerized.

*Montecatini until 1965, Montecatini-Edison from 1966, Montedison from 1970

Montecatini specialization courses - (28.339 Kb)

The trip to the USA and the first results achieved by Karl Ziegler in Germany in his studies on olefin dimerization in the presence of organometallic compounds led the Institute of Industrial Chemistry of the Polytechnic to set up, in 1952, an advanced Course in organic aliphatic chemistry for chemistry graduates newly recruited at Montecatini as trainees.

In the list of participants on the 1st course (1952-1953) we find, amongst others, the names of Paolo Chini, Paolo Corradini, Giorgio Mazzanti and Giovanni Moraglio; in the 2nd course (1953-1954): Mario Farina, Mario Peraldo and Dario Sianesi; and in the third (1954-1955): Mario Bruzzone, Fausto Calderazzo, Gino Dall'Asta, Paolo Longi and Domenico Morero. (The overall number of Montecatini/Montecatini-Edison researchers who collaborated with Giulio Natta at the Institute of Industrial Chemistry of the Polytechnic over the years comes to more than ninety).
The selection of the candidates consisted of an analysis of their curricula and a long interview carried out by Natta himself and his assistant Piero Pino, later together with Raffaele Ercoli and Giorgio Mazzanti.
The annual courses comprised classroom lessons from Polytechnic teachers and Montecatini engineers, and experimental work in the laboratories of the Institute of Industrial Chemistry under Natta's guidance, thus contributing to the research underway.
Some of these young Montecatini graduates, together with other Montecatini researchers already seconded to the Polytechnic (Lido Porri, Giovanni Crespi, Ettore Giachetti and Ivano Bassi) and Natta's assistants, who were then also young, formed what was to become famed as the "Natta School".

In the Archive are preserved:

- names of the participants of the Specialization Course and their positions from 1952 to 1962;
- attendance certificates;
- course organization and schedules;
- names of the professors and their remuneration;
- contributions and expenses of Montecatini;
- data on the quantities of raw materials used and on the use of laboratory apparatus and equipment;
- reports by Natta, with indications on the progress of the research.

The documents considered sensitive among these papers have not been reproduced.

The collaboration was also carried on via direct relationships with various divisions ("Sectors") of Montecatini and produced an abundant exchange of correspondence.

SEID - Hydrocarbons Sector - (55.684 Kb)

The documentation regarding the relationship between Giulio Natta and SEID, preserved in the Archive in two binders, extends over the period 1950-1968. It comprises letters, technical reports, minutes of meetings held with the head of SEID Giulio Ballabio, with Edoardo Greppi and with a number of researchers, relating to various research topics (oxo-synthesis, polyethylene, polypropylene, catalysts) carried out in close collaboration with the Institute of Industrial Chemistry of the Polytechnic at the laboratories in Ferrara and in pilot plants (oxo, polypropylene, rubbers ethylene-propylene) installed there. SEID was also involved in the construction of new laboratories and of the autoclave room at the Institute of Industrial Chemistry of the Polytechnic.

SERE - Resins Sector - (27.540 Kb)

At SERE, too, which had research laboratories in Castellanza, research was conducted on various subjects (melamine, resins, copolymers, plasticizers, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.) in collaboration with Giulio Natta, as is documented by the correspondence (contained in two binders) exchanged between 1950 and 1968, essentially with Guido Greco, the Head of SERE, Giovanni Saccenti and Ibrahim Dakli.

Polymer - (55.320 Kb)

The collaboration with the company Polymer of Terni was also very intense, documented by a substantial correspondence - contained in three binders - exchanged between 1956 and 1968 with the CEO of the company Silvio Larcher, with Mario Compostella and Enzo Di Giulio.

Donegani Institute - (45.577 Kb)

The correspondence with the Donegani Institute in Novara, headed for many years by Gerlando Marullo, is kept in three binders and covers the period 1950-1965. The exchanges regarded the preparation of certain catalysts and monomers and some studies on polymers.

ISML - (722 Kb)

The correspondence with Carlo Panseri of the Light Metals Institute in Novara is limited to 1956 and 1957 and relates to the preparation of metal alloys for catalysts.

ACNA - (6.388 Kb)

The activities of ACNA in Cesano Maderno were concerned with the preparation of dyes. From the correspondence exchanged between 1950 and 1960 with Cesare Bertone, with the President Edoardo Osella and with Edoardo Greppi it emerges that, from 1956, the collaboration was focused on the dyeing of polypropylene fibres and the preparation of certain chemical intermediates.

SEPS – SPEB – DIIB – DITE - (95.559 Kb)

The correspondence - contained in three binders - exchanged between 1952 and 1968 with the Sector for Projects and Studies, which subsequently became the Studies Design and Patents Sector, headed by Bartolomeo Orsoni, and with the Plants and Patents Division and the Engineering and Construction Division (in both of which Francesco Tredici, who was professor of Chemical Plants at the Polytechnic, operated for many years) involved substantial exchanges of technico-scientific information on various subjects, notifications of scientific articles published in international journals, scholarships for engineering students, etc.

SEPI - (2.557 Kb)

The Chemical Products for Industry Sector had laboratories in Linate. The correspondence - kept in one binder - exchanged between 1952 and 1955 with the Head Dino Maveri was on various polymers and monomers and other chemical intermediates.

DIRI - (1.356 Kb)

Montecatini-Edison's Research Division was set up in 1967, under the leadership of Giorgio Mazzanti, with whom there was an exchange of correspondence on various subjects until 1973, collected together with that exchanged with Gianfranco Pregaglia of the Research Centre in Bollate and with Ettore Giachetti of the Research Centre in Ferrara.

Patents Office - (115.300 Kb)

The filing in Italy, extension abroad and granting of numerous Natta-Montecatini patents and their defence in various countries resulted in a substantial correspondence - contained in seven binders - exchanged between 1954 and 1971 with the Head of the Patents Office Giuseppe De Varda and with Roberto Pirani of the same office. Three other binders contain the correspondence concerning the filing and granting in the USA of patents deriving from only two "Montecatini cases" (U59 + U63 and U76), from which the example given in Part II is taken, relating to the granting in the USA of the patent on isotactic polypropylene in 1963. This material was not computerized in its entirety.

Chemore / Novamont - (30.230 Kb)

The Chemore Corporation General Representative of Montecatini in the USA and the Novamont Corporation NY were set up by Montecatini to defend their patents and to promote the production of polypropylene in the USA. The correspondence - contained in one binder - exchanged by Giulio Natta with Giovanni Gallini, Lucio Lucini, Loris Luciano and Mario Ottolenghi extends over the period 1955-1967.

ADES - Presidency and Vice-Presidency - (244.867 Kb)

ADES (together with its secretarial staff) was the office of the CEO of Montecatini, a position held by Pier Candiano Giustiniani until 1965 and afterwards, until the Montecatini-Edison merger which took place on 8.7.1966, by Gino Sferza and by Giorgio Macerata. The full correspondence exchanged between 1949 and 1965, for the most part with Giustiniani and with his secretary Erberto Guida - contained in four binders - concerns a variety of subjects (research, patents, consultancy, expenses, setting up of laboratories, etc.). The correspondence involving Sferza and Macerata, the President Carlo Faina, the Vice-President Luigi Morandi and their secretarial office (Angelo Zanardi) is less copious.

Other sectors/services - (10.838 Kb)

The papers concerning other Sectors/Services (Purchase of raw materials, Foreign Service, Personnel, Social Reports, Treasury, Nitrogen Division, Resins and Glues, General business service) extends over the period 1949-1956 and concerns various subjects (formaldehyde, methanol, synthesis gases, cotton husks, olive residues waste, inventories, contributions, etc.) and a consultancy agreement with Giulio Natta dated 1952.

Montecatini contributions and expenses - (20.601 Kb)

It has already been remarked that Montecatini gave considerable financial support to the research carried out by Natta, not only by supplying highly qualified chemists and chemical engineers and other personnel seconded to the Institute of Industrial Chemistry of the Polytechnic, but also by providing material and financial means, and through consultancy contracts with Natta's assistants who collaborated on the research.
Various documents regarding the provision of equipment, the outfitting of the high pressure laboratory and other labs, refunds of expenses, contributions, and various costs incurred, can be found in the folders about SEIP, SEPI, ADES and Specialization Courses, as well as in those on other Montecatini sectors/services (Personnel, Treasury, Supplies). Others are to be found in a specific file ("Montecatini contributions and expenses").
From one of these documents in particular we discover that in 1955 Montecatini was paying 50,000 lira per month to "every one of our technicians holding a degree or diploma seconded at present to the Institute of Industrial Chemistry or who is to be subsequently seconded there to collaborate in the activities of study and research, or to complete a period of apprenticeship or training".
In a letter signed by the Chancellor of the Polytechnic, Gino Cassinis, dated 16.3.1959, we read that the contribution for each trainee was increased to 60,000 lira per month and that Montecatini was to pay to the Polytechnic "750,000 lira per semester for expenses concerning courses of lessons".

Montecatini personnel seconded at the Polytechnic - (13.154 Kb)

In addition to graduate personnel, Montecatini seconded to the Institute of Industrial Chemistry of the Polytechnic various qualified technicians, secretarial staff and employees, deployed within various divisions of the company.
The dense paperwork preserved relating to this covers the period 1945-1961. Documents considered to be sensitive contained in this material are not reproduced.

Karl Ziegler - The Montecatini-Ziegler Pool - (32.253 Kb)

We have already remarked that after Giulio Natta came to know - in 1952 - about the results of the research of Karl Ziegler (director of the Max Plank Institut in M?lheim) he suggested to Montecatini that they should draw up a contract with the German scientist which would put at the disposal of the company the results, past and future, achieved by him in the field of organometallic compounds, and the utilization of those results. The agreements with Ziegler were subsequently further defined in the "Montecatini-Ziegler Pool".
Under the terms of this agreement, three young researchers at Montecatini (Paolo Chini, Giovanni Crespi and Roberto Magni) were sent to M?lheim to carry out research in Ziegler's laboratory. In 1953 Ziegler filed his first important patent on the polymerization of ethylene to high polymers obtained at low pressure in the presence of catalysts consisting of metallo-alkyls of elements in the 1st and 3rd groups of the periodic system and compounds of transition elements from the 4th to the 8th group. After the research conducted by Natta, these catalytic systems became universally known as Ziegler-Natta catalysts.
These events gave rise to the discovery of stereospecific polymerization made by Natta on 11.3.1954, with the synthesis of isotactic polypropylene, results which led to the awarding of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Natta and Ziegler in 1963.

The Ziegler papers, preserved in the Archive in two voluminous dossiers, covers the time span 1952-1960 and contains:

- the report on the visit made by Natta to M?lheim in 1952;
- the reports by Chini, Crespi and Magni on the research carried out at Ziegler's laboratories;
- the results of the first trials of ethylene polymerization and on the synthesis of alcohols by Ziegler;
- the research on the preparation of aluminium alkyls;
- the agreements with Ziegler on patents and their extension in various countries; documents on the "Montecatini-Ziegler Pool";
- reports and technical notes;
- miscellaneous correspondence and documents;
- Karl Ziegler's curriculum vitae.

One of the two dossiers is not reproduced since it contains documentation concerning patents, a subject already dealt with in Part II of the Archive, and other documents to be treated as "sensitive".

USA

The paperwork concerning the USA, one of the most extensive in this part of the Archive (15 binders containing some thousands of sheets), covers the period 1946-1974, but mainly concerns the years from 1952 to 1969.
There is an abundant correspondence carried on with the principal American Universities, with Nobel Laureates and other scientific figures, the most important US chemicals companies, editors, scientific journals and publishing houses. The contents of this material concerns research topics, invitations to conferences and congresses, exchanges of visits (to the USA, at the laboratories of the Institute of Industrial Chemistry of the Polytechnic, at Montecatini and, in the case of certain individuals, also family visits), patents and licenses for the exploitation of Natta's discoveries in the USA.
As we have already mentioned, in the presentation of the documents we decided to keep those concerning relationships with companies separate from the papers more strictly concerned with the scientific and academic world.

The scientific and academic world - (150.044 Kb)

In this section we have limited ourselves to listing the names of the most important scientific figures and academic institutions that Natta had relations with (including personal relations, with the invaluable assistance of his wife Rosita) with the indication of the dates when the exchanges of correspondence took place and some notes.
The documentation we reproduce has been divided year by year, from 1946 to 1969.
The most substantial correspondence, and the most constant over the years (from 1946 to 1969), was exchanged with Herman F. Mark, Director of the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (Natta: Honorary Degree 1964), with whom there was also a very close personal relationship ("carissimo amico", "carissimi Giulio and Rosita") and with other scientists from the same institution (W.P. Hohenstein, C.G. Overberger, R. Eirich, G. Oster, H. Morawetz, E. Weber and M. Goodman). Visits, including family visits, were exchanged during trips by Natta to the USA in 1947, 1956 and 1958, and trips by Mark to Italy in 1956, 1961 and 1964.
Natta also had continuous relations (from 1955 to 1966) with Paul J. Flory, winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1974 and a Professor at Cornwell University in Ithaca, at the Mellon Institute, at Stanford University and, in the United Kingdom, at the University of Manchester. He was Natta's guest in 1955 and in 1963.
The same is true in the case of Melvin Calvin (1955-1969), winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1961. Calvin was a Professor at the University of California, Berkeley and Syracuse University and was Natta's guest in Milan in 1955 and in 1965.

After that we merely give the names of the other better-known scientific figures and those of US universities to be found in the papers, with the indication of the dates when correspondence was exchanged.

- C.F. Schildknecht, Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey, Gettysburg College (1949-1964).
- B.F. Dodge, Yale University (1955-1959).
- A.A. Morton, Massachussetts Institute of Technology - MIT, University of Akron (1955-1967).
- L. Mandelkern, Florida State University (1956-1969).
- F.D. Rossini, Carnegie Institute of Technology di Pittsburg, University of Notre Dame (1956-1965).
- P. Van Rysselberghe, University of Oregon (1956-1964).
- C.C. Price, University of Pensylvanua (1956-1966):
- F.H. Rahm, Princeton University (1956-1958).
- M. Szwarc, State University of New York: State University College of Forestry - Syracuse University, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklin (1957-1969). Szwarc was guest of Natta in 1964.
- A. Tobolosky, Priceton University (1957-1969).
- F. Basolo, Northwestern University (1958-1960).
- P. Doty, Harvard University (1958-1965).
- L. Pauling, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 and Nobel Prize for Peace in 1982 (letters since 1958) and foreign member of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (since 1959).
- A.S. Hoffman e F.A. Cotton, Massachussetts Institute of Technology (1959-1960).
- E. Segre, Nobel Prize in Physics in 1959, California University (1959, 1960 and 1961).
- M.L. Huggins, Stanford Research Institute (1959-1966).
- M. Sittig, Princeton University (1960).
- C.S. Marvel, University of Akron and University of Arizona (1966-1968).
- A. Peterlin, Research Triangle Institute (1966-1969).
- P. Parravano, University of Michigan (1968).

Other Universities and Research Centers which Natta corresponded with.

- University of Delaware (1947).
- The New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University (1949).
- Massachussetts Institute of Technology (1951-1965).
- University of Illinois (1952-1962).
- Florida State University (1955-1969).
- University of Pittsburg (1956).
- Carnegie Institute of Technology (1956-1961).
- University of Rhode Island (1956).
- The John Hopkins University (1956).
- State University of Iowa (1957-1967).
- University of Rochester (1958).
- Columbia University - New York (1958-1967).
- Illinois Institute of Technology (1958-1960).
- Ohio State University (1958).
- University of Denver (1959).
- University of Texas (1959).
- University of Minnesota (1959-1966).
- Camille Dreyfus Institute (1960-1966).
- University of Chicago (1960).
- University of Louisville (1960).
- Wayne State University (1960-1968).
- University Circle of Cleveland (1960).
- F.K. Parrish Agnes Scott College (1961).
- Textile Research Institute Princeton (1961).
- University of West Virginia (1964).
- University of Houston (1964).
- Yashida University (1964).
- Georgia Institute of Technology (1964).
- Catholic University of America (1965).
- Stanford University (1965).
- Polymers Research Institute, University of Massachussetts (1965-1974).
- University of California - Los Angeles (1966-1969).
- Duke University of Durham (1966).
- University of Wisconsin (1967).
- Western New York Nuclear Research (1967).
- University of Utah (1967).
- University of Akron (1967).
- Carnegie Corporation of New York (1968).
- University of Harford (1974).

Academies and other Institutions - (150.044 Kb)

- US Department of Agriculture (1946, 1959).
- Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (1947).
- American Chemical Society (1948-1968).
- National Academy of Sciences ( 1951).
- New York Academy of Sciences (1957-1964); Natta Fellow in 1957 and life member in 1960.
- The Library of Congress (1955).
- Battele Memorial Institute (1956).
- US Department of Commerce (1956-1967).
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics New York (1958).
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (1958-1963).
- Headquarters Quatermaster Research & Development Command - US Army (1958).
- John Scott Award Advisory Commitee (1960-1964).
- National Bureau of Standards (1961).
- American Academy of Achievement (1964).
- US Atomic Energy Commission (1964).
- US Naval Propellant Plant (1964).
- Society of Plastic Engineers (1966); Golden medal awarded to Natta (International Award in Plastics Science and Engineering in 1963).
- American Petroleum Institute (1964).
- Dag Hammarskjolds International Center Research (1964).
- American Friends of the Hebrew University (1965).
- The United Educators (1965-1968).
- American Lectures in Living Chemistry (1965).
- Polymer Research Institute (1965).
- The Jewish Theological Seminary of America (1965).
- Harvard Medical School (1966).
- General Advisory Commitee to the US Atomic Energy Commission - Enrico Fermi Award (1966, 1970).
- Western New York Nuclear Research (1967).
- Department of Army (1967).
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1968).
- IUPAC Macromolecular Division (1968).
- Carnegie Corporation of New York (1968).
- Family of Man Awards Dinner (1967, 1968).
- International Space Hall of Fame - Dedication Conference (1976).

Editors - Publishers - Scientific journals - (150.044 Kb)

As mentioned in the Part I of the Archive, Natta was author of a great number of scientific publications, several of which were asked by editors and scientific American journals quoted as follows.

- J. Polymer Science (1948-1974).
- Intersciences Publishers Inc. (1948-1959).
- Mc Graw Hill (1950-1965).
- I. Wender, del US Department of the Interiors - Bureau of Mines, editor of a volume about oxosynthesis that included a chapter written by Natta (1951-1968).
- P.H. Emmett, John Hopkins University, editor of the "catalysis" series which included two chapters by Natta about the synthesis of methanol and higher alcohols (1951-1955).
- Journal of American Chemical Society - JACS (1952-1962).
- Chemical Engineering News - CEN (1952-1967).
- Science Service (1955-1966).
- Petroleum Refiner (1956)-1964.
- Farm Journal Inc. (1956-1968).
- Modern Plastic (1956-1957).
- J. Wiley & Sons Inc. (1957-1969).
- Scientific American (1957).
- Academic Press Inc. (1959).
- Advances in Chemistry Series - Applied Publications (1959-1965).
- Dun's Review (1959).
- Rubber Chemistry and Technology (1959-1968).
- Reinhold Publ. Co. (1959-1961).
- Plenum Press Inc. (1960).
- Palmerston Publishing Co. Inc. (1961).
- Rubber & Plastic Age (1961); first International Synthetic Rubber golden medal awarded by Natta in 1961.
- Progress in Inorganic Chemistry (1962).
- Current biography (1963).
- Chemical Abstract Service (1964).
- Hydrocarbon Processing (1964).
- The Encyclopedia of America (1965).
- Time Life, News Service (1965).
- Science (1966).
- Mechanix Illustrated (1967).
- W.H. Freeman and Co. Publishers (1968).

Companies - Engineering firms - Laboratories - (150.044 Kb)

Giulio Natta's relations with companies in the USA, among them the most important in the field of chemistry, consisted for the most part of exchanges of information of a scientific nature, visits to Italy of heads of research projects and top-level managers, visits to the USA by Natta, patent agreements and licence concessions for Natta's inventions.

The list of these companies is quoted as follows.

- Foster Wheeler Corporation (1947-1952).
- Petrocarbon Ltd (1948-1950).
- Monsanto Chemical Co. (1948-1974).
- General Aniline & Film Corporation - Patent and licence agreements (1949-1963).
- National Distillers Product Co. (1951-1955).
- New England Ind. (1951).
- Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corporation (1952-1957).
- Air Reduction Co. (1952-1962).
- The Permutit Company (1952).
- Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1952).
- Texaco (1952-1963).
- Jefferson Chemical Co. (1952).
- Heyden Chemical Corp. (1952).
- Universal Oil Products Company - UOP (1954).
- Koppers Company Inc. (1954-1957).
- Brea Chemicals Ing. (1955).
- Celanese Corporation of America (1955-1965).
- Colgate - Palmolive (1955).
- Cadum - Palmolive (1955).
- Debell & Richardson Inc. (1955-1963).
- The Kamlet Laboratories (1955).
- W.R. Grace Comp. (1955-1965).
- Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co. - 3M (1955-1964).
- Mack Printing Company (1955-1962).
- Borg Warner Corp. - Marbon Chemical (1955-1968).
- Pentasote Company (1955-1957).
- Pittsburg Plate Glass Co. (1955-1956).
- The Texas Company (1955-1958).
- Wickken Products Inc. (1955-1956).
- Wyandotte Chemicals Corp. (1955-1959).
- American Cyanamid Co. (1955-1965).
- Bell Telephone Laboratories (1955-1967).
- Sun Oil Co. (1955-1956).
- The Dow Chemical Co. (1955-1956).
- Furane Plastics (1955).
- Hercules Powder Company Incorporated - Patent and licence agreements (1955-1969).
- Simpson Coal & Chemical Corp. (1955-1957).
- The B.F. Goodrich Company - Patent and licence agreements (1955-1965).
- E.I. Du Pont de Nemours - Patent and licence agreements (1955-1973).
- Phillips Petroleum - Patent and licence agreements (1955-1965).
- Esso Research & Engineering - Patent and licence agreements (1955-1968).
- Union Carbide and Carbon Corp. - Patent and licence agreements (1956-1963).
- United State Rubber Co. - Patent and licence agreements (1956-1966).
- The General Tire & Rubber Co. (1956-1957).
- West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co. (1956).
- Westinghouse Electric Corp. (1956-1957).
- Wollum Product Corp. (1956).
- The Cates Rubber Co. (1956).
- Shawinigan Ltd (1956).
- Oronite Chemical Co. (1956).
- American Viscose Corp. (1956-1962).
- Godfrey L. Cabot Inc. (1956-1961).
- High Voltage Eng. Corporation (1956).
- J.A. Samuel & Co. Inc. (1956).
- Kolman Laboratories (1956).
- Logistics Research Inc. (1956).
- Hammond & Littell (1956).
- Naugatuck Chemical (1956-1957).
- Merck & Co. Inc. (1956-1957).
- Food Machinery and Chemical Corp. (1956-1959).
- Petrotex Chemical Corp. (1956-1958).
- General Electric (1956-1965) - Proposals of licences.
- Knight Brothers (1956).
- Shell Development Co., Shell Chemical Co. - Patent and licence agreements (1956-1972).
- The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. - Patent and licence agreements (1956-1965).
- Westlake Plastic Co. (1956).
- Wickken Products Inc. (1956).
- Airbone Instr. Laboratory (1956).
- California Research Corporation - Researches carried out under contract by the Industrial Chemistry Institute of the Politecnico di Milano (1957-1965).
- Collins Aikman Corp. (1957).
- Keep Chemical Co. (1957).
- General Food Corp. (1957).
- National Chemical Corp. (1957-1958).
- Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp. (1957).
- Merck Shrap & Dohme (1957).
- Stauffer Chemical Co. (1957-1966).
- Reeves Brothers Inc. (1957-1959).
- The Standard Oil Co. (1957-1963).
- Arthur F. Smith Corp. (1957).
- Thatcher Glass Manufactoring Company (1957).
- The Quakers Oats Comp. (1957-1958).
- Aerojet General Corp. (1958).
- Allied Chemical Corp. (1958).
- G.M. Basford Company New York (1958-1963).
- Cabot Carbon Blacks Corp. (1958-1962).
- Diamond Alkali (1958).
- Electromation Co. (1958).
- Polymer Associates (1958).
- A.S. Aloe Company (1958).
- Skeist & Schwarz Laboratoires Inc. (1958).
- Eugene W.K. Schwarz (1958).
- Tennesee Eastman Co. (1958-1963).
- Chemical Rubber Co. (1959).
- Dewey and Almy Overseas Co. (1959).
- Arthur K. Doolittle (1959-1969).
- Ethyl Corporation (1959).
- The Western Petrolchemical Corp. (1959-1960).
- General Motors Corp. (1959-1963).
- Humble Oil & Refining Co. (1959).
- Radiation Research Corp. (1959).
- Texas Butadiene & Chemical (1959).
- Chemical Marketing & Research Co. (1959).
- Phelps Dodge Copper Products Corp. (1959).
- Chemstrand Research Center Inc. (1960-1967).
- Balm Paints Pty. Ltd (1960-1961).
- Cowles Chemical Co. (1960).
- Metal Thermit Corp. (1960).
- National Seal Division (1960).
- Olin Mathieson (1960).
- J.W. Pearce Johnson Wax (1960).
- Spencer Chemical Co. (1960).
- US Industrial Chemicals Co. (1960-1961).
- Avisun Corp. - Patent and licence agreements (1960-1966).
- Chemstrand Research Center Inc. (1960-1967).
- Freeman Chemical Corp. (1961).
- Socony Mobil Oil Co. (1961).
- W.B. Kahn Co. (1961).
- Raytheon Comp. (1961).
- Richardson Merrell Inc. (1961).
- Shannon Luminous Materials Co. (1961).
- Sierra Talc. Co. (1961).
- Martin Marietta Adhesives Resin Division (1962).
- Hills Mc Cenna Co. (1962).
- Exide Industrial Division (1962).
- J.D. Crossman Philip Morris (1962).
- Podbielniak Inc. (1962).
- Ingram Block Corp. (1962-1963).
- St. Louis Surgical Supply Co. (1962).
- Philip Morris (1962).
- Eastman Kodak Co. Rochester - Patent and licence agreements (1962-1966).
- Mitsui & Co. Ltd (1962).
- F.E. Compton E. Company (1963-1964).
- Fluor-O- Scope Corp. Ltd (1963).
- Aluminium Metallurgical Granules (1964).
- Gaylor Associates Inc. (1964).
- Sinclair Petroleum Inc. (1964).
- Gulf Oil (1964).
- California Chemical Co. (1965).
- The M.W. Kellogg Co. (1965).
- The Kendall Co. (1965).
- J.H. Du Bois Company (1966).
- Bjorksten Research Lab. Inc. (1966).
- Motown Record Corp. (1966).
- Chevron Research Co. (1966).
- US Rubber Research Center (1966).
- Laird Bissell & Meeds Inc. (1967).
- BXL Industrial Products Group Ltd (1967).
- Michigan Chemical Corp. (1967).
- Product Engineering (1967).
- Industrial Research Inc. (1968).
- Owens Illinois (1968).
- Diamond Shamrock Chemical Co. (1969).
- Brooklyn Polytechnic Alumi Association Inc. (1969).
- Clarke, Modet & Co. (1973).

Monsanto Chemical Co. - (1.177 Kb)

General Aniline & Film Corporation - (4.479 Kb)

Universal Oil Products Company - UOP - (2.264 Kb)

Koppers Company Inc. - (933 Kb)

American Cyanamid Co. - (610 Kb)

Sun Oil Co. - (453 Kb)

The Dow Chemical Co. - (2.186 Kb)

Hercules Powder Company Inc. - (3.249 Kb)

The B.F. Goodrich Company - (2.167 Kb)

E.I. Du Pont de Nemours - (26.242 Kb)

Phillips Petroleum - (2.658 Kb)

Esso Research & Engineering - (5.523 Kb)

Union Carbide and Carbon Corp. - (22.196 Kb)

United State Rubber Co. - (7.973 Kb)

Godfrey L. Cabot Inc. - (1.409 Kb)

Food Machinery and Chemical Corp. - (2.307 Kb)

Petrotex Chemical Corp. - (560 Kb)

General Electric - (1.6494 Kb)

Shell Development Co. – Shell Chemical Co. - (9.242 Kb)

The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. - (2.949 Kb)

Tennesee Eastman Co. - (431 Kb)

Avisum Corp. - (8.132 Kb)

Eastman Kodak Co. Rochester - (6.872 Kb)

United Kingdom

The correspondance concerning the United Kingdom (more then four binders) covers the period 1947-1974 and is presented in the same way as that for the USA.

The scientific and academic world - (36.493 Kb)

Natta had relations, from 1957 to 1966 (correspondance, familiar too: "dear Giulio, dear Rosita" and visits) with Sir Robert Robinson, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1947 and foreign member of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei since the same year..

The names of other scientific figures and academical institutions are quoted as follows, with the indication of the dates when correspondence was exchanged.

- Sir H.W. Melville, University of Birmingham and University of London (1947-1973).
- M. Gordon, University of Manchester (1956).
- G. Gee, University of Manchester (1958-1967).
- C.E.H. Bawn, University of Liverpool (1958).
- W.P. Griffith, Royal College of Science (1960).
- P.H. Plesh, University College of North Straffordshire and University of Keele (1962-1966).
- K. Wilkinson, University of Manchester (1962).
- H.J. Hemeleus, University of Cambridge (1962).
- M. Szwarc, University of Liverpool (1963-1964).
- C.H. Bamford, University of Liverpool (1967).
- A. Keller, University of Bristol (1969).
- The University Edgbaston, Birmingham (1947).
- The University Hull (1957).
- The University of Leeds (1956-1962).
- University College - London (1958-1960).
- National College of Rubber Technology - University of Bristol (1958-1964).
- College of Technology, Birmingham (1959).
- The Manchester College of Science and Technology (1959-1962).
- University of Aberdeen (1960-1963).
- Battersa College of Technology - London (1960).
- University of Nottingham (1960).
- University of Edinbourg (1962).
- College of Advanced Technology - Birmingham (1963).
- University of Birmingham (1963).
- Bradford Institute of Technology (1963).
- University of Reading (1965).
- University of Liverpool (1965).
- University of Essex (1966-1969).
- University of East Anglia (1967).
- University of Salford (1967).
- University of London (1968).
- University of Leicester (1968).
- University of Bradford (1968).
- Imperial College of Science and Technology - University of London (1969).
- The University of Sussex - Brighton (1969).

Academies and other Institutions - (36.493 Kb)

- The Chemical Society (1947-1970).
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (1954-1962).
- The Research Association of British Paint Colour and Varnish Manufacturer (1955).
- British Plastic Exhibition (1957).
- Oil & Colour Chemists' Association (1958).
- The British Rubber Producers Research Association (1958)
- Society of Chemical Industry (1960).
- The Natural Rubber Producers' Research Assoc. (1963).
- Glamorgan Education Authority (1964).
- The Society of Dyers and Colourists (1964) - Medaglia Perkin assegnata a Natta nel 1963.
- The Textile Institut (1968).
- IDEE - Association pour l'innovation et le dinamisme économique dans l'entreprise (R. Leclerq) (1968).
- The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts (1971).

Editors - Publishers - Scientific journals - (36.493 Kb)

- Pergamon Institute (1957-1960).
- Petroleum Times Ltd (1957).
- Skinner's Silk & Rayon Record (1957).
- Chemical Engineering News (1958).
- Plastics (1958).
- The Rubber & Plastic Age (1958-1967).
- Butterworths (1960-1961).
- Chilean Iodine Educational Bureau (1960).
- Advances in Catalysis (1960).
- Tetrahedron (1959-1960).
- D. Van Nostrand Co. Ltd (1963).
- Industrial Chemist (1963).
- New Scientist (1964).
- The World Book Encyclopedia (1964).
- Pinguin Books Ltd (1965).
- Pergamon Press Ltd (1965).

Companies - Engineering firms - Laboratories - (36.493 Kb)

- Shell Petroleum Co. (1948-1958).
- Manchester Oil Refining Ltd (1949).
- J. Bilby & Sons Ltd (1950).
- Petrocarbon Ltd (1952).
- Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd (ICI) (1955-1963) - Patent and licence agreements.
- British Oxygen Co. Ltd (BOC) (1955).
- The Power-Gas Corporation Ltd (1955).
- Tube Investments Research Lab. (1956)
- Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co. (3M) (1956-1961).
- Trubenised G.T. Britain Ltd (1956).
- Royal Aircraft Establishment Farnborough (1956).
- Raven Oil Co. Ltd (1965).
- American Cyanamid (1956-1958).
- Dunlop (1957-1964) - Patent and licence agreements.
- British Nylon Spinners Ltd (1957).
- Hilger & Watts Ltd (1957).
- Arthur D. Little Research Institute (1957).
- Tub Investments Research Laboratories (1958).
- The Distillers Co. (1958-1963).
- Courtaulds Ltd (1959).
- Ian Edeleanu Cyties Service Research and Development Co. (1959).
- A. Giachin, rappresentante Montecatini in G.B. (1959-1960).
- Baker Perkins Ltd (1960).
- Esso Research Ltd (1962).
- John Laig Research & Development Ltd (1962).
- May & Baker Ltd (1962).
- Bakelite Ltd (1963).
- Rubber and Platics Research Association of Great Britain (1963).
- Texaco UK Ltd (1963).
- Yarsley Research Laboratories Ltd (1963).
- Shell Chemical Co Ltd (1964).
- British Cellophane Ltd (1964).
- Davy Faraday Research Laboratory London (1964).
- Monsanto House (1965).
- The International Synthetic Rubber Company Ltd (1965).
- Ernest Benn Ltd (1966).
- BXL Industrial Product (1967).

Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd - ICI - (4.889 Kb)

Dunlop - (12.998 Kb)

Germany

Giulio Natta had his first contacts with the German academic world in 1932 when, after winning a scholarship, he went to the laboratories in Freiburg of Dr. Seeman, where studies were being made into the apparatus needed for the diffraction of electrons, and where Natta met Hermann Staudinger (a future winner of the Nobel Prize - in 1953 - for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry), with whom he remained in close contact in the following years (from 1959 to 1964), including exchanging family visits.
We have already mentioned something of the relationship with Karl Ziegler, which developed between 1960 and 1969.

The remaining papers preserved in the Archive concerning Germany, and which cover the period 1960-1973, are presented in the same way as those for the USA and the United Kingdom.

The scientific and academic world - (20.477 Kb)

Among the other scientific figures, in addition to Staudinger and Ziegler, with whom Giulio Natta maintained close relations - from 1960 to 1973 - with exchanges of visits, we recall W. Kern, of the Organish-Chemische Institut of the University of Mainz.

Other names are indicated in the following list.

- W. Hieber, Technischen Hochsclule München (1960).
- S. Wittig, Organish-Chemisches Institut der Universität - Heidelberg (1961).
- O. Fuchs, Worm O. Prof. für Chemische Technologie an der T.H. Darmstadt (1961).
- E. Husemann, Institut für makromolekulare Chemie der Universität - Freiburg (1961-1963).
- F. Bopp, Institut für Theoretische Physik der Universität - München (1962).
- L. Horner, Johannes Gutenberg Universität - Mainz (1962).
- Prof. Schubert, Naturwissenchaftlichen Fakultät der Johannes Gutenberg - Universität - Mainz (1962); Natta, doctor honoris causa in 1963.
- G.V. Schulz, Physikalische-Chemishes Institut der Universität - Mainz (1963).
- G.M. Schwab, Physikalische-Chemishes Institut der Universität - München (1963).
- H.A. Stuart, Physikalische-Chemishes Institut der Universität - Mainz (1963-1966).
- W. Walisch, Saarbrucken Universität (1963).
- E. Fitzer, Technischen Hochschule Karlsruhe (1964).
- S. Osaki, Universität Mainz (1964).
- G. Pfefferkorn, Institut für Medizinische Physik der Universität Münster (1964).
- H. Seifert, Mineralogisch-Petrologisches Institut und Museum, Westfaelische Wilhelms - Universität Munster (1964).
- J. Dittrich, Physikalisches Institut der Universität Erlagen - Nürnberg (1965).
- R. Hosemann, Fritz Haber Institut der Max Planck Gesellschaft - Berlin (1965).
- H. Martin, Max Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung - Mülheim (1965).
- S. Fluegge, Albert Ludwigs Universität - Freiburg (1966).
- H. Rembges, Institut für Veterinaer Pharmacologie Justus Liebig - Universität Giessen (1966).
- G. Wilke, Max Planck Institut für Kohlenfarschung (1967).
- M. Eigen, Max Planck Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Göttingen (1970).
- F. Broich, Chemische Werke Huls (1971).

Accademies and other Institutions - (20.477 Kb)

- Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (1956).
- Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (1960-1961).
- Phisykalische Gesellschaft in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (1960).
- European Research Office US Department of the Army (1962-1966).
- Deutsche Busengesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie - Frankfurt/M (1963).
- Kuratorum for the Meetins of Nobel Prize Winners in Lindau-Bodensee (1963).
- Vereinigung der Freunde der Studentenschaft der Universität Heidelberg (1964).
- Dechema - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chemisches Apparatewesen (1965-1966).
- Deutsche Bunsen- Gesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie - Ludwigshafen (1965).
- Kuratorium für die Tagungen der Nobelpreisträger in Lindau (1967).
- Deutsche UNESCO Kommission, presieduta da Magda Staudinger (1969).
- Academie Scientifique Internationale pour la Protection de la Vie, l'Environnement et la Biopolitique (1970-1971).
- Deutsche Kautschuk Gesellschaft - Frankfurt/M (1970-1971).

Editors - Publishers - Scientific journals - (20.477 Kb)

- Verlag W. Girardet (1959).
- Alfred Huthig Verlag (1960-1962).
- Chemische Industrie (1960).
- Ullmanns Encyklopedia der Tecnischen Chemie (1960-1965).
- Die Makromolekular Chemie (1960-1965).
- Angewandte Chemie (1962-1963).
- Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff, Verlagsbuchhandlung Darmstadt (1962).
- Springer Verlag - Advances in Polymer Science (1963-1967).
- Fortschritte der Hochpolymeren - Forschung Advances in Polymer Science (1963-1966).
- Chemiker Zeitung (1963).
- Hans Ruprecht Hensel (1963).
- Hüthig & Wepf Verlag (1963).
- Experentia (1963).
- A. Gruene (1964).
- W. Kast Universität Freiburg (1964).
- Urania (1964-1965).
- W. Polte Leipzig (1965).
- Chemical & Engineering News (1966-1967).
- Kalloid Zeitschrift (1966).

Companies - Engineering firms - Laboratories - (20.477 Kb)

- Chemische Werke Hüls A.G. (1956-1963) - Patent and licence agreements.
- Farbwerke Hoechst A.G. (1956-1963) - Patent and licence agreements.
- Koppers Company Inc. (1956).
- Gütermann & Co. (1960-1961).
- Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellshaft (1961-1965).
- Deutsche Gesellshaft für Chemisches Apparatewesen (1962).
- Firma Carl Still Recklinghausen (1963).
- Gesamtverband Kunststoff Venarbeitende Industrie - Frankfurt/M (1963).
- Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik A.G. (BASF) (1965).
- Asahi Chemical Industry Co. Ltd (1965).
- C.S. Schmidt A.G. (1965).
- Klöckner-Humboldt Deutz Chemie Anlagenbau GmbH - Köln (1965).

Chemische Werke Hüls A.G. - (2.809 Kb)

Frarwerke Hoechst A.G. - (10.035 Kb)

France

Giulio Natta's relations with the scientific, academic and industrial world in France dates from the latter half of the 1920s, although the correspondence preserved at the Polytechnic - contained in four binders - covers only the period 1946-1972 (apart from one document from 1934).

The scientific and academic world - (41.367 Kb)

It should be remembered that in France the scientific world is shared among Universités, Ecoles Supérieures, Grandes Ecoles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS and Sociétés Nationales.
The most constant correspondence over the years involves letters exchanged with colleagues at the Universities and Scientific Institutions most directly involved in Natta's research in the field of stereospecific polymerization, with whom he also exchanged visits, including family visits.

To remember the correspondence exchanged with the following scientific figures.

- M.G. Champetier, Membre de l'Institut, directeur honoraire de l'École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie - Paris (1955-1969).
- M. Prettre, École Supérieure de Chimie Industrielle - Lyon (1949-1966).
- M. Letort, Centre d'Études et Recherche des Charbonnages de France (1955-1969).
- Ch. Sadron, Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules - CNRS - Strasbourg (1952-1965).
- M. Magat, Faculté des Sciences de Paris Laboratoire de Chimie Physique (1957-1969).
- J. Le Bras, Institut Français du Caoutchouc - Paris (1956-1967).
- Dupouy, Membre de l'Academie del Sciences (1967).
- L. Denivelle, President de la Societé de Chimie Industrielle - Paris (1946-1959).
- G. Chaudron, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Paris (1948-1950).
- J.J. Trillat, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Bellevue (1934, 1952-1965).
- P. Dubois, Centre d'Étude des Matiéres Plastique - Paris (1958-1966).

In addition:

- H. Lefebre, Institut de Chimie Physique, Université de Lille (1951).
- J. Lecomte, Laboratoire de Recherces Physique - Sorbonne Paris (1952).
- P. Pascal, École Pratique des Hautes Études - Laboratoire de Chimie Minerale (1953).
- H. Forestier, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie - Université de Strasbourg (1955-1956).
- A. Chapiro, President du Groupe Français d'Etudes et Applications des Polymères (1957).
- G. Limido, Institut Français de Petrole (1958).
- J.P. Roth, CNRS - Strasbourg (1959).
- R. Hamelin, Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires (1960).
- E. Calvet, Institut de Microcalorimetrie et de Thermogenèse - Marseille (1965).
- G. Ourisson, Institut de Chimie - Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg (1967).
- École Normale Supérieure - Paris (1949).
- École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures - Paris (1953).
- Faculté des Sciences de Toulouse (1955).
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, École Supérieure de Chimie - Mulhouse (ESCM) (1957-1959).
- Faculté des Sciences de Paris - Institut du Radium (1957).
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Université de Lyon (1959).
- Faculté de Medicine - Paris (1960).
- Faculté des Sciences de Clermont-Ferrand (1961).
- Institut National Supérieur de Chimie Industrielle de Rouen (1962).
- Université de Strasbourg (1963-1964).
- École Polytechnique (1963).
- Académie des Sciences Louis de Broglie et Robert Courrier - Institut de France (1964).
- Laboratoire des Haute Pressions - Université de Strasbourg (1965).
- Institut Gustave Roussy - Villejuif (1965).
- Faculté des Sciences de Rouen (1966).
- Laboratoire de Recherches - Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires (1966).

Accademies and other Institutions - (41.367 Kb)

- Association Technique de l'Industrie Papetière (1952).
- Societé de Chimie Industrielle (1950-1966); Natta honorary member in 1966.
- Houillères du Bassin du Nord et du Pas-de-Calais (1955-1958).
- Societé de Chimie Physique (1957-1965): Natta honorary member (Perrin golden medal) in 1963.
- Chambre de Commerce Française d'Italie - Foire de Paris (1957).
- Agence européenne de productivité (1960).
- Societé de Chimie - Maison de la Chimie-Paris (1962-1974): Natta honorary member (golden medal Lavoisier) in 1963.
- Cerphos - Centre d'Études et de Recherches des Phospates (1962).
- Pétrole-Chimie (1963).
- Académie des Sciences de l'Institut de France (1964-1966): Natta honorary member in 1964.
- Office of Science Teaching - UNESCO (1964).
- Institut Textile de France (1965-1970).
- Ordre du mérite pour la Recherche et l'Invention (1965).
- Académie internationale d'astronautique de Paris; Natta honorary member in 1965.
- Office National Industriel de l'Azote - ONIA (1966).
- Association pour l'étude des problèmes de l'Europe (1967).
- Conseil Supérieur de l'Institut Français du Caoutchouc (1967).
- Missione Cattolica - Centro Sociale Italiano - Strasbourg (1967).
- Cinquantenaire de Grenoble - La Societé de Chimie Industrielle (1967).
- Société d'Encouragement pour la Recherche et l'Invention (1971).
- Institut de la Vie (1972).
- The International Organisation - Justice and Development (1972).

Editors - Publishers - Scientific journals - (41.367 Kb)

Giulio Natta was the author of many scientific articles that had been commissioned by publishing houses and magazines from the other side of the Alps, mentioned here.

- Chimie et Industrie (1951-1960).
- L'Industrie du Pétrole (1956).
- Revue Générale du Caoutchouc (1957).
- Industrie des plastiques modernes (1958).
- Librairie Hachette (1960).
- Science et Avenir (G. Lefébre) (1960-1964).
- Nucleus (1961).
- Astronautic Acta (1966).
- Réalités (1966).
- Informations Industrielles et Commerciales (1967).

Companies - (41.367 Kb)

- Fabriques de Produits Chimique de Thann et de Mulhouse (L. Denivelle) (1946-1961).
- Alais, Froges et Camargue - Lyon (1948-1950).
- Societé Française Industrielle & Commerciale des Pétroles (1949).
- Organico - Paris (1949).
- Société Chimique de la Grande Paroisse (1950).
- Dall & Lepers (1950).
- Kodak - Pathé (1955-1958).
- Tanneries de France (1956).
- Etablissements Lambiotte Fréres (1956).
- Societé d'electro-chimie, d'electro-metallurgie et des aciéries electriques d'Ugine (1956).
- Polyplastic (1957).
- Pechiney St. Gobain (1957).
- Messier Montrouge (1957).
- Etablissements Kuhlmann (1959).
- Compagnie Générale de Fabrications (1960).
- UCLAF Produits chimiques (1960).
- Shell Saint-Gobain (1961).
- Manufacture de Produits Chimiques (1966).
- Compagnie de Saint-Gobain (P. Piganiol) (1970).

Switzerland

Giulio Natta's dealings with Switzerland consisted in research activities conducted under a contract stipulated with the company Lonza A.G. and cultural exchanges with academic figures, research centres, various institutions, publishing houses and companies.

Lonza A.G. - (168.652 Kb)

In 1947 Giulio Natta signed a contract with Lonza A.G. concerning research to be carried out at the Institute of Industrial Chemistry of the Polytechnic. Over the years this research was predominantly concerned with acetylene chemistry and resulted, in particular, in the construction of a semi-industrial plant (operating at 300 atm, built entirely of stainless steel at the Institute of Industrial Chemistry of the Polytechnic and installed in Visp, in Switzerland) for the synthesis of succinic acid from acetylene, carbon monoxide and water.
Other activities involved a number of new syntheses from acetylene and, marginally, polyurethane elastomers, phthalates, polyvinylethers, nylon 4.4 and methanol oxidation. The research into acetylene chemistry resulted in the filing of a number of industrial patents, mentioned in Part II of the Archive .

From the papers preserved we have reproduced the technical reports, statements of expenses and other correspondence, whilst it was not considered necessary to computerize the documentation concerning the patents.

Scientific figures - Institutions - Other companies - Scientific journals - (50.686 Kb)

- E. Stirnemann - Lonza A.G. (1953-1973).
- W. Kuhn, Universität Basel (1953-1966).
- CIBA - Basel (1953).
- S. Weddel, Technical Representative Monsanto Chemical Co. USA - Genève (1954-1959).
- Union Carbide Europe S.A. - Genève (1955).
- C.F. Roberts, European Technical Representative Food Machinery & Chemical Corp. USA - Genève (1955-1956).
- Kunststoffe-Plastics (1956).
- H. Hopff, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) - Zürich (1956-1958).
- Gummi-werke Richterswil A.G. (1956).
- A.G. Edeleanu, Oronite Chemical Company Co. of San Francisco - California Chemical International Inc. (1957-1959).
- D.D. Riley, Dennis Parker Riley - Genève (1957-1958).
- P. Mangold - Genève (1958-1960).
- W.D. Hill, European Technical Representative Monsanto Chemical Co. USA (1958-1960).
- Phillips Petroleum Company, Lausanne (1959).
- E. Stocker, Textilfachmann - Sursee (1959-1964).
- W.D. Hill, European Technical Representative Chemstrand Overseas S.A. - Genève (1960).
- Scott Overseas Corporation - Zürich (1960).
- D.H. Hagerbaumer, Chemstrand Overseas S.A. - Genève (1960).
- C.H. Davenport, European Representative Monsanto Chemical Co. USA - Genève (1960).
- A. Gandini, Battelle Memorial Institute - Genève (1961).
- R.O. Roblin, Cyanamid European Research Institute - Genève (1961).
- G.V. Nardini, Institut Battelle, Genève (1961).
- Emser Werke A.G. - Domat/Ems (1961).
- E. Schumacker, Universität Zürich (1961).
- L.C. Ahlgren, Booz Allen & Hamilton International Inc. - Zürich (1962).
- H.H. Zeiss, Monsanto Research S.A. - Zürich (1962).
- D. Arrigoni, Eidg. Techn. Hochschule, ETH - Zürich (1962).
- M&T Chemical A.G. - Zug (1962-1963).
- E. Giovannini, Société Suisse de Chimie - Fribourg (1963-1964); Natta honorary member in 1963.
- R. Zbinden, Binningen (1963).
- R. Morf, Hoffmann-La Roche et Cie. S.A. - Basel (1963).
- Verlag Helvetica Chemica Acta - Basel (1963).
- M. Thürkauf, Universität Basel (1963).
- L. Jansen, Institut Battelle, Genève (1963-1965).
- V. Prelog, Eidg. Techn. Hochschule, ETH - Zürich (1964).
- Radio Svizzera Italiana (1964).
- F. Calderazzo, Cyanamid European Institute - Genève (1964-1966).
- A. Grob, Université de Bâle (1965).
- Ch. Tamm, Universität Basel (1965).
- A. Dreiding, Universität Zürich (1965).
- M. Kopfler, Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. Ltd - Basel (1965).
- H. Kech, US Industrial Chemicals Co. International - Baar/Eg (1965).
- H. Dietschy, Eidg. Techn. Hochschule, ETH - Zürich (1965).
- P. Huber, Universität Basel (1965).
- Bugnion - Division Internationale - Genève (1966).
- E. Lombardi, Institut Battelle, Genève (1966).
- Intern. Bilder Agentur - Zürich (1966).
- R. Gut, Eidg. Techn. Hochschule, ETH - Zürich (1966).
- E. Sz. Kovats, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (1971).
- Kuratorium für die Tagungen der Nobelpreistrager (1973).
- Rencontres créatives Internationales (1974).

Belgium - (55.183 Kb)

Giulio Natta had cultural relations with the greatest Belgian scientists in the field of Macromoleculars Chemistry (G. Smets, V. Desreux, P. Demart) and with the following other university Professors, research centers and companies.

- P. Demart, Université de Bruxelles et Syndigas (1946-1953).
- J. Timmermans, Union Internationale de Chimie Pure et Appliquée (IUPAC) - Bruxelles (1948-1951).
- G. Smets, Universitè de Louvain (1949-1967).
- Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi (ACEC) (1949).
- Staatsmijnen in Limburg (1952).
- A. Maquesteau, Faculté Polytechnique de Mons (1954).
- B. Hargitay e R.H. Gillette, European Research Associates - Bruxelles (1954-1959).
- European Office Air Research and Development Command - Bruxelles (1956-1965).
- Photo Produits Geveart (1957-1958).
- André Vernier & Fils - Mouseron (1958).
- EST - Les éditions Science et Technique (1958).
- A. Van Dormael, President de la Section 22 XXIeme Congrés International de Chimie Industrielle (1959).
- V. Desreux, Università de Liège - Val Benoit (1960-1968).
- L. de Brouchère, Universitè libre de Bruxelles (1961).
- La Conférence des Sommets - Bruxelles (1961).
- Sinclair International Oil Co. (1962).
- Société Chimique de Belgique - A. Bruylants (1962); Natta golden STAS medal and honorary member.
- Fédération des associationes belges de docteurs & licenciés en sciences chimiques (FABECIM) - Bruxelles (1962-1963).
- M.H. van Waeyenbergh, Université Catholique de Louvain (1963); Natta honorary degree in 1965.
- Syndicat d'études chimiques du groupe Coppée - Bruxelles (1963).
- Industrie Chimique Belge (1964).
- A. Descamps, Université Catholique de Louvain (1964-1965).
- G. Gueskens, Université libre de Bruxelles (1964).
- Ambasciata d'Italia nel Belgio, A. Traversa (1965).
- Le coeur ouvert sur le monde, fondateur R.P. Dominique Pire, Nobel Prize for the Peace (1968-1971).
- European Comunity Commission (1969).


Holland - (41.411 Kb)

Here are quoted the several dutch publishers, research centers, companies and well-known universities which Natta corresponded with.

- Plastics Research Institute T.N.O. - Delft (1951-1955).
- Netherlands Institute for Industrial Development (1951-1956).
- Kunstoffeninstitut T.N.O. - Delft (1951-1957).
- Philips Research Laboratories - Eindhoven (1952).
- Institut des Matières Plastiques - Delft (1953).
- United States Rubber Company - Denhaag (1955).
- Staatsmijnen in Limburg - Geleen (1956).
- Rubberinstitut T.N.O. - Delft (1957).
- N.V. Onderzoekingsinstitut Research (1957).
- N.V. De Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (Shell) (1957).
- Philips - Laboratoire des Plastiques Philite - Recherches Elastomères (1957).
- Industrial Liaison Bureau - Den Haag (1958-1965).
- P.M. Heertjes, Technische Hogeschool - Delft (1958).
- Centraal Laboratorium T.N.O. - Delft (1959).
- Tapijtfabrick N.V. - Franeker (1960).
- Diligentia Publishing Company - Amsterdam (1960).
- Rubber & Plastic Age (1961).
- Texpress - Amsterdam (1961).
- J.H. de Boer, Technological University of Delft (1961).
- Journal of Catalysis (1961).
- Working Party for Chemical Reaction Engineering (K. Rietema) (1962).
- J.A. Prins, Technische Hogeschool Lab. Techn. T.H. - Deft (1962, 1964).
- Macro Plastics - Utrecht (1961).
- Plastica - Delft (1963-1964).
- P.H. Hermans - Utrecht (1963).
- North-Holland Publishing Company - Amsterdam (1964).
- Elsevier Publishing Company - Amsterdam (1964-1972).
- Unilever Research Laboratorium - Vlaardingen (1965).
- Shell Italiana (1966).
- Utrechtse Chemische Club (1967).
- H.O. Huisman, Scheikunde der Universiteit Van - Amsterdam (1968).
- Amsterdams Chemish Dispuut (1968).
- European Space Research Organisation (1968).
- De Chemische Binding Groningen (1970).
- Natuur en techniek - Heerlen (1971).

Sweden - (48.792 Kb)

The correspondance with Swedwn covers the period 1951-1966 and concerns the following scientific figures, Institutions and companies.

- Sv. Lindmark, Specialmaskiner A.B. - Gothenburg (1951-1960).
- Elektokemiska Aktiebolaget - Bohus (1952-1959).
- J.A. Hedvall, Inst. för Silikatkemist Forskning - Göteborg (1952-1953).
- E. Hemlin, Proceeding of the International Symposium on the Reactivity of Solids (1953).
- B. Holmström, Columbia-Southern Corporation Pittsburg - Stockholm (1954).
- B.G. Ranby, University of Uppsala (1954-1967).
- E.H. Immergut, Uppsala University (1955).
- S. Claesson, Uppsala University (1955, 1964).
- L.G. Sillen, The Royal Institute of Technology (1955).
- Tetrapak, Lund (1955-1958).
- Uddeholms Aktiebolag - Skoghall (1955).
- A.W.K. Tiselius, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1948, Uppsala University (1955).
- Ake Svennson, Uppsala University (1955-1964).
- A.B. Svenska Metallverken - Västeras (1956, 1960).
- S. Sunner, Lund University (1956-1957).
- V. Vanek, Specialmaskiner A.B. (1957).
- Svenska Rayon Aktiebolaget - Valberg (1960).
- S. Ewe - Malmö (1961).
- G. Hevey, Kungl Univesitetet - Stockholm (1962).
- R. Morf, Intern. Union Pure & Applied Chem. (1964).
- Arne Fredga - Uppsala (1964).
- Sir H. Melville (1964).
- O. Stelling, Kungl. Tekniska Högskolan (1964).
- Amnesty International - Stockholm (1965).
- B. Capomazza, Italian Embassy in Stockholm (1966).

Japan - (39.450 Kb)

The papers concerning Japan cover the period 1952-1974 and involve the most important scientists and gratest Japanese companies, listed as follows.

- K. Yoshikawa, Mitsui Chemical Co. Ltd. - Omuta (1952).
- T. Fueno, Kyoto University (1955-1956).
- N. Kamayama, Scientific Research Institute - Tokyo (1955).
- Y. Yamamoto, Mitsui Mike Senryo Omuta (1955-1957).
- O. Nomato, Kokayasi Institute of Physical Research - Tokyo (1956).
- Kurashiki Rayon - Okayama (1956).
- Itoh & Co. Ltd - Tokyo (1956).
- H. Uchida, Government Chemical Industrial Research Institute - Tokyo (1956).
- K. Maeda, Tokyo Institute of Technology (1957).
- Mitsui Chemical Ind. Co. Ltd. - Tokyo; patent and licence agreements (1957) and following cooperation with Montedison about the preparation of new propylen polymerization catalysts.
- K. Hirota, Osaka University (1961).
- Sumitomo Chemical Company Ltd. - Osaka (1963-1971).
- I. Iwamura, University of Miyazaki (1964).
- J. Furukawa, Kyoto University (1969, 1971).
- Enyiclopedia Dept. Gakken Co. Ltd. (1970).
- K. Hayashida, Kyoto University (1974).

USSR - (23.219 Kb)

The papers concerning the Soviet Union cover the period 1959-1972. The most significant relations with this country concerned cultural exchanges which resulted in a trip to the USSR by Natta in 1962, at the invitation of the Soviet Academy of Science. The invitation was subsequently reciprocated by the CNR, with a visit to Italy by a Soviet delegation, led by the Nobel Laureate N.N. Semenov.
During the fortnight that Natta spent in the USSR in 1962, accompanied by two of his young collaborators and his wife Rosita, he was able to make visits to the great institutes of research in the field of chemistry in Moscow and Leningrad.

The names of scientists, Institutions and scientific journals which Natta correponded whith are listed below.

- V.N. Tsvetkov, Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1959).
- The Library of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1960).
- A. Topochiev, V. Président de l'Académie des Sciences - Moscou (invito in URSS) (1961).
- A. Petrov, Institut de Chimie Organique, Académie des Sciences - Moscou (1961).
- Kinetics and Catalysis (G.K. Boreskov) (1961-1962).
- B. Erussalimsky, Inst. of High Molecular Compounds - Leningrad (1963).
- Foreign Literature Publishing House (1962).
- N.N. Semenov, Premio Nobel per la Chimica nel 1956, Academy of Sciences of the USSR - Moscow (1963-1964).
- G.P. Gladiscev, Academy of Sciences of the USSR - Alma Ata (1964, 1969).
- M. Rokhlin, Academy of Sciences of the USSR - Moscow (1963-1969).
- G.A. Razouvaev, Chemical Research Institute - Gorki (1965).
- V. Kargin, Academy of Sciences of the USSR - Moscow (1965-1969).
- Nametkin, Institut de Synthèse Petrochimiques - Moscow (1965-1966).
- V.N. Kondratiev, Academy of Sciences of the USSR - Moscow (1966); Natta honorary member.
- Articolo per Literary Gazette (1967).
- M.V. Keldish, Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1967-1969).
- N.S. Enicolopian, Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1969).
- S.S. Medvenev, Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry - Moscow (1969).
- N. Platé, Institut Lomonosov (1969); Lomonosov medal awarded to Natta.
- Ja. Peive, Academy of Sciences of the USSR - Moscow (1970).
- CNR, Scambi con l'URSS (1971).
- Literatury Gazette (1971-1972).
- G.K. Skriabin, Academy of Sciences of the USSR - Moscow (1972).

Canada - (20.042 Kb)

Natta had continous relations - from 1956 to 1963 - with Polysar, Polymer Corporation Ltd, which owned a licence concessions for Natta's polymers by Montecatini. The papers preserved mention Natta's visit in Montreal in 1958 and contain the correspondance exchanged with W.J.M. Douglas of the Gill University of Montreal and with S. Bywater of the National Research Council of Canada, Division of Applied Chemistry, Ottawa (1964).

Czechoslovakia - (12.906 Kb)

The names of the university professors and other scientific figures which Natta corresponded with are quoted in the following list.
- O. Wichterle, École Polytechnique de Chimie - Prague (1956) and Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry - Prague (1963-1970).
- F. Gregor, Vyzkumny Ustav - Acetylénovej Chemie (1957).
- P. Jaroslav, Vyzkumny Ustav - Synthetikeho kaucuku (1958).
- J. Pech, Vyzkumny Ustav - Synthetikeho kaucuku (1960-1961).
- K. Vesely, Research Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry - Brno (1961).
- Zapisnik Redakce - Praha (1964).

Other countries

Here are quoted only the names of 29 other countries which Giulio Natta corresponded with. Related documents are included in the Archive.